Marketing & search · Practice guide

Explain what case-study results can and cannot show

Illustrative situation

An outcome improved after a website launch, but staffing, pricing and advertising also changed. The draft attributes the whole improvement to the website. An improvement after a launch may have several contributors. Explain the measurement period and other material changes so the case study does not credit the website for more than the evidence supports. Clear limits make results more interpretable.

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What this means for your practice

Describe the measurement period, source and relevant concurrent changes. Distinguish a documented association from a causal conclusion the evidence cannot establish.

An example to discuss with your team

Give the draft and evidence summary to a reviewer and ask what causal claim they understand it to make. Revise if that exceeds the evidence.

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What to discuss with your agency

Give an unfamiliar reviewer the draft and evidence summary. What cause-and-effect claim do they take away? Ask the agency to revise wording that implies certainty the records cannot establish. Keep relevant qualifications near the result rather than hiding them where readers are unlikely to notice.

Put the brief into practice

Write down the measurement source, period and definition before turning a result into a headline. Identify other material changes that occurred during that period, such as staffing, pricing or advertising, and consider what the available evidence can establish. A result observed after a website change is not automatically proof that the website caused the whole difference. Ask the agency to use wording proportionate to that evidence and keep meaningful qualifications near the result. Include the starting conditions so readers understand the context instead of comparing unlike situations.

Have an unfamiliar reviewer explain the cause-and-effect claim they take from the draft. If it is stronger than the records support, revise the presentation as well as the wording. A clear case study can describe an encouraging observed change while remaining honest about attribution. That helps prospective clients assess relevance without mistaking one project's circumstances for a guaranteed forecast for their own business.

How to check the result

Count material measurement qualifications retained in the published case study.

Turn reading into a next step

Your action checklist

Work through these checks with your team or supplier. Tick the ones you have resolved and leave unknowns open.

Checks to discuss

Record what you know, what is still missing and the answer you need from your team or supplier.

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Further reading

These sources provide background for the topic. The practice examples and checklist are illustrative planning suggestions from Kay & Co.

Related guides

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